Summary about Disease
Overuse tendonitis, also known as tendinopathy, is a condition characterized by inflammation and irritation of a tendon, the thick fibrous cord that connects muscle to bone. It arises from repetitive motions or sustained strain on a particular tendon, leading to microscopic tears and subsequent inflammation. While the term implies inflammation ("-itis"), chronic overuse tendonitis often involves degeneration of the tendon tissue itself, a condition sometimes referred to as tendinosis. It commonly affects tendons in the shoulder, elbow (tennis elbow or golfer's elbow), wrist, knee (jumper's knee), and ankle (Achilles tendonitis).
Symptoms
Pain: Aching or burning pain in the affected area, often worsening with activity.
Tenderness: Sensitivity to touch along the tendon.
Stiffness: Limited range of motion, especially in the morning or after periods of rest.
Swelling: Mild swelling around the tendon.
Weakness: Decreased strength in the affected limb or joint.
Crepitus: A crackling or grating sensation when the tendon is moved.
Causes
Repetitive motions: Repeatedly performing the same movements, such as typing, hammering, or throwing.
Overuse: Increasing the intensity or duration of activity too quickly.
Poor technique: Incorrect form during sports or other activities.
Inadequate warm-up: Failing to properly prepare muscles and tendons before exercise.
Age: Tendons become less elastic and more prone to injury with age.
Underlying medical conditions: Certain conditions, such as diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, can increase the risk of tendonitis.
Improper equipment: Using tools or equipment that are not properly fitted or adjusted.
Medicine Used
Pain relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or naproxen (Aleve) can help reduce pain and inflammation. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) can help with pain but does not reduce inflammation.
Topical medications: Creams or gels containing NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) can be applied directly to the affected area.
Corticosteroid injections: In some cases, a doctor may inject corticosteroids into the tendon sheath to reduce inflammation. This is typically not a long-term solution due to potential side effects.
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections: PRP injections involve injecting a concentration of the patient's own platelets into the affected area to promote healing.
Other injection therapies: Such as prolotherapy.
Muscle Relaxants: In rare cases muscle relaxants may be prescribed.
Is Communicable
No, overuse tendonitis is not communicable. It is not caused by a virus, bacteria, or other infectious agent and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Proper technique: Ensure proper form and technique when performing activities.
Adequate warm-up: Warm up muscles and tendons before activity.
Gradual progression: Gradually increase the intensity and duration of activity.
Rest: Take breaks to avoid overuse.
Stretching: Regularly stretch muscles and tendons to maintain flexibility.
Proper equipment: Use properly fitted and adjusted equipment.
Ergonomics: Optimize your workspace to reduce strain.
Address underlying conditions: Manage any underlying medical conditions that may contribute to tendonitis.
How long does an outbreak last?
The duration of overuse tendonitis varies depending on the severity of the injury, the individual's overall health, and how well the condition is managed. Mild cases may resolve within a few weeks with rest and self-care measures. More severe cases can take several months or even longer to heal. Chronic tendonitis can persist for years if not properly treated.
How is it diagnosed?
Physical examination: A doctor will examine the affected area, assess range of motion, and check for tenderness.
Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's symptoms, activity level, and any previous injuries.
Imaging tests: X-rays can rule out other conditions, such as fractures. Ultrasound or MRI can help visualize the tendon and surrounding tissues to assess the extent of the damage. MRI is typically used for more severe or chronic cases.
Timeline of Symptoms
Early stage: Mild pain or aching that occurs during or after activity.
Intermediate stage: Pain becomes more persistent and noticeable, even at rest. Stiffness and weakness may develop.
Advanced stage: Severe pain that interferes with daily activities. Significant weakness and limited range of motion. Pain may be constant.
Important Considerations
Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent chronic tendonitis.
Complete rest from the aggravating activity is crucial for healing.
Physical therapy can help strengthen muscles, improve flexibility, and correct imbalances.
Ignoring symptoms and continuing to overuse the tendon can lead to more severe and chronic problems.
Surgery is rarely necessary for tendonitis but may be considered in severe cases that do not respond to conservative treatment.
Lifestyle modifications are essential in preventing recurrence.